???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????.

??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? (???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????).
??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.
???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????:
?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????
???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? "??????" - ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????:

???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ??????.
????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????
???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????????
??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? 0.05 ??; ? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? 0.1 ??. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????.

????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????

1. ??????? ???????
???????:
① ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? (PE) ??????? ???????? (PP).
② ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????.
③ ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? PA? ABS? ABS? PC? PMMA? ???.
?????: ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? “????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????“? “????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????“? “????? ??? PA“? “????? ??? ABS“? “????? ??? ????????? ??????“? ? “????? ??? PMMA".
????:
? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????.
????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????:
| ??? ?????? | ?????? ?????? |
|---|---|
| ?????? ??????? (PE) | ????? |
| ?????? ??????? (PP) | ????? |
| ??????????? (PS) | ????? |
| ???????????? ??????? ??????? (ABS) | ????? |
| ?????? ???? (PA) | ????? |
| ?????? ??????? (PC)) | ????? |
| ???? ????? ??????? (POM) | ????? |
| ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? (PET) | ????? |
| ?????? ???????? ?????????? (PBT) | ????? |
| ?????? ??????? (PU) | ????? |
| ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? (PVC) | ?????? |
| ?????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? (PVDC) | ?????? |
| ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? (PVA) | ?????? |
| ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? (PMMA) | ?????? |
| ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (PPE) | ????? |
| ???? ????? (PSU) | ????? |
| ???? ?????????????? (PEEK) | ?????? |
| ???? ????? ????? ?????????? (PDMS) | ?????? |
| ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? (EVA) | ????? |
| ??????? ??????????? ???????? (TPE) | ????? |
2. ????? ?????
???????:
① ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????.
??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.
② ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????.
????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????.
③ ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????.
④ ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????. ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????.
⑤ ??? ???????? ???? ????.
????:
? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????.
? ??? ??? ??????.
? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.
? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.
? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????.
????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.
????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? “????? ???? ??????.”
????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????
2.1 ????? ?????? ??????? ????????
? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????
a. ??????? ????? ??????

b. ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????

? ???? ???????

? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????

? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????.
2.2 ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?? ????? H ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????.
2.3 ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? 4%. ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? 4 ??????.
2.4 ????? ????? ?????? ?????.
2.5 ???? ???? 2.5? ????? ?????? ?????????
2.6 ???? ???? ????? ???? ????

2.7 ?????? ?????
2.8 ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????

2.9 ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????

2.10 ?????? ???????? ??????
3. ????? ????? ?????
???????:
① ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.
② ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????.
③ ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????.
④ ??? ???????? ???? ????.
????:
? ????? ??? ????? ??????.
? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????.
? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
? ????? ??? ????????.
4. ????? ?????? ?????
???????:
① ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????.
② ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????.
③ ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? “??”? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???????.
????:
? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????.
? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????.
? ?????? ????? ?????.
???? ???? ??????
????? ?????? - ???? ??????? ??????
????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? PBT. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????.
????? ??????? ??????? ???????
????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????.
??????? ???????? ??????:
???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? PC? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? PC. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? (??? ??????) ????? PC 0.06 ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? PBT ???? ??? 0.02 ??. ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? 0.06 ??? ??? ???? PBT ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? PC ???? ?? ??????.
?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????:
????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????.
??????: ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? PBT ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????.
???????
?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????. ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.
??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? [email protected].









