?????? ??????? (PE) ?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????????.
???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
?? ?? ?????? ??????? (PE)?
?????? ??????? (PE) ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????.
??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????.

??????? ????????? ???????? ???????
????????? (C2H4) ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? CH2 ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? CH2=CH2.
?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? PE. ???? ????? ???PE ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? (LDPE) ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (LLDPE) ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? (HDPE) ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? (UHMWPE).
????? ????? ?????? ???????
???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???:
???? ??????? ????? ??????? (LDPE)
???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????.
??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ????? 110 ???? ????? (230 ???? ????????). ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? (LLDPE)
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? 1-?????? ?1-??????? ?1-??????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? LLDPE ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????.
???? ??????? ???? ??????? (HDPE)
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? 20 ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.
???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? (UHMWPE)
????? UHMWPE ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????.
???????? ????????? ????????
???? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? (EVA) ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????.
???? ?????? ???????
????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????
- ???????: ?????? ?? 0.915-0.925 ??/?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? 0.941-0.965 ??/?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????.
- ????? ???????: ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? 10,000 ??? ???? ?? 200,000 ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????.
- ??? ????: ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? 0.20-0.40 ?????/???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? 0.37-0.75 ?????/???.
- ?????? ????? ???????: ????? ????? ??? 80 ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?95 ???? ????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ??????? ????????
| ????????? | ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? | LLDPE | ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? |
| ??????? (??/?? ????) | 0.910-0.925 | 0.91-0.94 | 0.941-0.965 |
| ??????? | ?????? | ??? ????? | ????? |
| ??? ???? (?????/???) | 0.20-0.40 | ???? ?? LDPE | 0.37-0.75 |
| ???? ???????? (???? ?????) | 105-115 | ????? ? LDPE | 120-140 |
| ??????? | ??? ?????? | ??? ?????? | ??? ????? |
??????? ?????? ???????
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????. ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???:
????? ???????????
?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????. ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????. ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????.
??????????? ????????
??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????.
???? ???????? ??????
??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???PE ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????.
????????? ????????
??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????.
?????? ???? ??????? PE ????????
?????? HDPE ???????? ??????
??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? HDPE ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????.
????? LDPE ?? ???????
??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
??????? ?????? ???????
???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???:
?????? ??????? ???????? (PEX)
???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? PEX ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????.
?????? ??????? ??????? (CPE)
????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????.
???????? ????????? ????????
????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? (EVA) ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????.
???? ??????? ??????????? (mPE)
mPE ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????.
???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
?????? ??????
??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????. ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????:
- ?????? ???????????: ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????.
- ???????? ???????: ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
- ????? ????????: ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???.
????? ?? ??? ???????
????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????:
- ???????: ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????.
- ??? ?????? ??????: ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????.
- ????? ?????: ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????.
????? ?????? ???????
??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????:
- ??????? ???? ?????: ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.
- ????? ???????: ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????.
- ??? ????????: ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????.
?????? ?????? ?????????
?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????:

???????? ??????????
- ?????? ????: ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
- ?????? ???????: ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????.
- ?????? ????????: ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????.
???????? ???????
- ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? (DSC): ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????.
- ????? ?????????????? ???????? (TGA): ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
????? ?????????
- ?????? ?????? ??????????: ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????.
- ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? (ESCR): ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
?????? ?????? ?????? ???????
???? ?????? PE ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????.
??????? ??????
?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????.

?????
???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
??????? ??????
?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????.
??????? ??????
?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? UHMWPE? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????.
??????? ?????? ???????
????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? (HDPE) ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????.
?????? ???????? ????????
???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????. ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???:
??????? ?????????
????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????.
??? ???????
???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????. ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????.
????? ?????? ????????
??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????.
???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???????.
??????? ??????? ?????? ??????
?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???:
- ??? ????? ??????? (PLA): ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????, PLA ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????.
- ???? ???????? ???????? (PHA): ??? ????? PHA ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????.
??????? ?????????
????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? PE. ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???:
- ????? ???? ??????: ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????.
- ????? ?????? ???????: ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????.
- ????? ????? ??????: ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???.
???????
??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????.
?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????.
?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????.
????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????.
???????: ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????









