天美影院

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It has played a major role in becoming the main supplier of U.S. passenger vehicles, auto parts, supplies, light vehicles, trucks, and technologies required for EV parts.

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????? ???????? ????????? ???? 2022? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 37.2 ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? 2021. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????????.

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????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? 107 ????? ????? ??????.

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???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 1902? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 1920? ???? ??????? ?? ????????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???????.

??? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1925? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????.

?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????.

?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? (maquiladora) ??????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????.

?? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? (?????) ?? ??? 1994? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????.

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???? ???? ?? 25 ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.

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??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? 83% ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? 248 ?????. ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????.

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?????? ????????? Huf North America? ?ThyssenKrupp? ?Magna? ?Mahle? ?Jonsonsons Controls? ?Luk? ?Gestamp Rassini? ?Bruse? ?Ternium? ?Unicar Plastics? ?EDAG? ?Tra Truck-Lite,

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??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? 281 ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????. ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? 151 ???? ?????? ?? 50% ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????.

????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????: ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????.

????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????: Autoneum? ?BorgWarner? ?Costellium Automotive? ?Dayco? ?Dr?XLMAIER Group? ?EATON Truck? ?Lear Corp. ?Faurecia? ?Goodyear Tyre? ?Gestamp? ?Mayco Automotive International? ?????? ??????.

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?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????. ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ???? 420 ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 66 ???? ???????.

??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????: ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????

????? ???????? ?? ??????????: American Axle (AAM)? ??????????? ??????? CIE Automotive? Pirelli Tire? Sandar Technologies? Scherdel? Scherdel? Temaplax? THK? Witzenmann? Fujikura? HINO? Janesville Acoustics? Lear Corp? Matic? NSK? Pemsa,

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???? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? 90% ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ?????? 2020? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? 2010.

??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????: ?????? ???????-????? ????? ??????

????? ???????? ?? ???????: Cooper-Standard, IAC Group, Lear Corp. Mexico. Stabilus, Benteler de Saltillo, Magna, MAHLE, FCA GroupBorgWarner, Burgess-Norton de Mexico, Arnecom, Draxton.

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??? ???????????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????. ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? 10 ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????????????. ???? ??????? ?????? ?? 230 ???? ?????? ???????? ???? 80 ???? ????? ?????????.

????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????????: ?????? ??????? ????????

????? ???????? ?? ????????????: Cooper Standard, Continental, Bosch, Sanoh Industrial Co., Ltd., Jatco, Flextronics, Donaldson, Calsonic Kansei, Doiter Castings, Tachi-S, Compas, Xinquan México Automotive, Voestalpine.

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1. ??????

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2. ???????

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3. ???? ???????

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???? ????? TREMEC? ?????? ????????? ??????? ZF? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.

4. ???? ???????

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2. ???? ??????? ?? ?????

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3. ???? ??????? ?? ??????

??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????????. ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? (TIG).

4. ???? ???? ?? ???????

????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? BIW. ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??:

• Pre-treatment: the aim is to enhance the paint deposition on the metal by dipping BIW into an electrolyte solution.
• Sealant: sealant application is done on BIW before applying the paint.
• Paint Booths: here, the painting starts. Highly skilled labor or robots are required.
• Oven: After painting, the workers pass the painted bodies through the oven for final baking.
• Wax Booths: Wax is applied on delicate layers. It protects the paint from dirt, bugs, water, and the sun’s harmful rays, making the car appear new for longer periods.
• ???????: It is one of the most labor-intensive processes. Polish is meant to give the vehicle a shine and sparkle. The processes are longer and more elaborate. The more expensive the car is, the longer it takes to polish.

5. ???? ?????? ???????

?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? (EIN). ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? (???????? ?????? ????????? ?????) ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????.

6. ??????? ?? ??????? ???????

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7. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????

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