STL? ??? ?????? ? "??????? ???????"? ?? ????? ??? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? CAD. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? STL ???: ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????.
????? STL ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????.
?? ????? ??????? ????? STL ?? ?????? ???. stl ????? ????? ???????.

????? ????? ??? STL
?? ??????? ?? ??? 1987 ?????? ???? 3D Systems. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? STL ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????? STL ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? 2009? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? STL? STL 2.0.
??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? STL ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
????? ????? STL ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (CAD)
????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? STL? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???? ????? STL ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? STL ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????.
????? ??? ????? STL
???? ????? STL ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? "??????? ??????????.
??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ????? STL? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? 1987 ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? CAD ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.

?) ??????? ??????
?? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????.
?) ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????
????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????.
?) ????? ??????
????? ???? ??? STL ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????.
?????) ?????? ?? ??????
???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????.
?) ????? STL
?? ????? STL? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????.
????? ????? STL ???????? ????? ????? ????? STL ASCII
???? ??? STL ???????? ???????? ????? ASCII ???????? ???????.
????? ASCII STL
????? ASCII STL ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????????.
??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 1 ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ASCII ??? ??? 5-10 ???????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????. ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? CAD??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????.
???? ????? ASCII STL ??????? ???????? "????" ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? "??????". ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????.
????? STL ????????
????? STL ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? STL ???????? STL ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ????.
???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? MeshLab ? Netfab ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????.
???? ????? STL ???????? ???? ???? ?? 80 ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? 4 ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ??? 12 ???? ??????? ? 36 ???? ?????? (3 ????)

????? ????? STL ????????
???? ??? ????? CAD ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? STL. ??????? ??:
??????????:: ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? STL ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? (ASCII ?? ?????) ??????.
???????: ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? STL.
????? 360: ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (CAD) ???????? ??????? ??????? (CAM) ???????? ??????? ??????? (CAE)? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? CAE? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????????.
???????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? CAD ??????? ??? ?? ??? FreeCAD ? SketchUp ? Blender? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? STL.
????? ?????? ??? STL ???????
- ???? Solidworks ?? Tinkercad? ???????? ??? ????? CAD ???? ??????.
- ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????.
- ??? ??????? ???????- ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? STL ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? STL ??????.
?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? 1/20?? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ?? 1 ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? 150.
- ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? - Cura ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? Ultimaker ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????.
- ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? G ??? (??? ???????) ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????.
????? ???? ???? STL
1. ????? ????????
???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? (???) ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? "??????" ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????.
????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????.
2. ????? ?????
??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????. ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????.

3. ????? ????????? ??????? ????
????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? STL.
4. ????? ????? ??????
???????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? z ?????? ???. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
????? ????? STL ??????? ?????? ??????? STL
???? ????? ??? STL ????? ??? ????? CAD ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ??? STL ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????. ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? STL.
????? ????? STL
??? ????? ?? ?? ????? STL ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????.
STL ?? OBJ
??????? ????? STL ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????. OBJ ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????.
???? ?????? ?????? ?????????.
| STL | OBJ |
| ???? ????? ????? ????? | ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? |
| ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? | ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? |
| ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? | ???? ???? ???????? ???????? (?????? ????????) |
| ????? ??? ????? ????? (?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????) | ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? |
| ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? CAD ???????? | ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? |
| ????? ????? ???????? | ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? |

STL ????? STEP
????? ????? STL ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????. ????? STEP ???? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?????
???? ??? ???? ????????:
| STL | ?????? |
| ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? | ????? ?????? (B-rep) ???????? ?????? |
| ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? | ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? |
| ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? | ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? |
| ????? ??? ????? (???? ???? ??????) | ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? |
| ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? CAD ??????? | ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? (CAD) |
| ????? ????? ???????? | ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? (??? ??????? ????????) |
| ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? | ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? |
| ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? CAD | ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? CAD ???????? |

STL ????? 3MF
???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? STL ???? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? 3MF (????? ??????? ????? ???????) ??? XML ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??.
???? ??? ???? ????????;
| STL | 3MF |
| ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? | ???? ??????? ??????? ??? XML ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. |
| ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? | ???? ???????? ???????? ???????. |
| ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? | ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ? STL ???? ????? ???????? |
| ????? ??? ????? | ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? |
| ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? CAD ???????? | ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? |
| ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? | ???? ????????? ??????? (?????? ???????? ???????? ???????) |
| ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? | ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. |
| ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. | ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????. |
STL ????? G-code
??? STL ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??????????? ??? ????? ??? G-code ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????????.
???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????.
| STL | ??? G |
| ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? | ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? |
| ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? | ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? |
| ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? | ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (??? ???? ??????? ??????) |
| ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? (??? ???? ??????? ??????) | ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? |
| ????? ??? ????? | ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? (??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????) |
| ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? | ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. |
| ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? | ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? |
| ??? ??????? ??? ??? G ?? ???? ?????? ??????? | ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? |
| ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? | ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? |
???????
???? ????? ??? STL ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? STL ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.









