???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????. ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????.
????????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????.
???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????. ????? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ?? ???????? ??? ???????, ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????.
????? ????? ???????????
????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????:
????? ??????? = ??? ???? (σ)u)/ ??????? (ρ)
????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? 2.7 ??/?? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? 70 ???? ?????? (?????????? ?????) ?570 ???? ?????? (??????? ????? ????? ??? 7075). ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????????.
?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? (Al?O?) ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????.
??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 150 ?235 ???/? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????????. ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? 37.7 MS/m (????? 61% ?? ???????? ????????)? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.
????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? 100% ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? 1.
| ????????? | ???????? (????? 6061) | ??????? (AISI 1018) | ?????? |
|---|---|---|---|
| ??????? (??/?? ????) | 2.7 | 7.87 | 8.96 |
| ??? ???? (???? ??????) | 310 | 440 | 210 |
| ???????? ???????? (???/? ????) | 167 | 50 | 401 |
| ???????? ?????????? (MS/m) | 36 | 10 | 58 |
????? ?????????? ???????? ????????
??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????.
6061 ???????? 6061
????? ?????????? 6061 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ?????? T6? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? 310 ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? 275 ???? ??????.
??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? 2.7 ??/?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????. ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????.
??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? TIG ?MIG ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????. ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? 6061 ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????.
??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? 6061 ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????.
7075 ???????? 7075
?? ????? ?????????? 7075 ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? 570 ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? (2.81 ??/?? ????)? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? 7075 ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???.
??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? 6061? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????.
??? ????? ?? ?? 7075 ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? HAZ.
??? ?????? ?????????? 7075 ?? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????.
5052 ???????? 5052
????? ????? ?????????? 5052 ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????.
5052 ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? (Mg) (????? 2.51 ???????? 4 ????????). ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? 210 ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? 145 ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????.
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????.
??? ????? ?? ?? ????? 5052 ???? ????? ??????? ???????? 6061 ?7075? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????????.
| ?????? | ?? ????? ?????? MPa (PSI) | ?????? MPa (PSI) | ??? ???? ???. astm b209 [ksi] | ??? ?????? ???. astm b209 [ksi] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O | 195 (28000) | 89.6 (13000) | ||
| H32 | 228 (33000) | 193 (28000) | 31.0 – 38.0 | >23.0 |
| H34 | 262 (38000) | 214 (31000) | 34.0 – 41.0 | >26.0 |
| H36 | 276 (40000) | 241 (35000) | 37.0 – 44.0 | >29.0 |
| H38 | 290 (42000) | 255 (37000) | >39.0 | >32.0 |
3003 ???????? 3003
????? ????? ?????????? 3003 ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? 115 ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? 95 ???? ??????? ??? 3003 ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????.
??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? 5052. ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????????? 3003 ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????.
??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????
????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? 40-150 HB? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? 200 HB. ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????.
????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? (????? 660 ???? ?????) ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? (>1400 ???? ?????)? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????.
???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (????? 69 ???? ??????) ???????? ???? ?? ??????? (????? ???? ????? 200 ???? ??????)? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????.
??????: ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????
| ????????? | ????? ?????????? (6061 - T6) | ??????? ???????? (AISI 1045) | ??????? ????? (?????? 6/6) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ??? ???? (???? ??????) | 310 | 570 | 80 – 100 |
| ????? ????? (HB) | 95 | 150 – 200 | 20 – 30 |
| ???? ???????? (???? ?????) | 660 | 1425 | 260 – 270 |
| ????? ??????? (???? ??????) | 69 | 200 | 2 – 3 |
| ??????? (??/?? ????) | 2.70 | 7.85 | 1.15 |
??? ????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????????. ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????.
?????????? ??????? ???????
???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ± 0.005 ???? (± 0.13 ??) ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ± 0.001 ???? (± 0.025 ??) ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? 90% ??????? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? (~205 ???/?-?) ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????.
?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? (???? ???????? ~ 660 ???? ?????) ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? 15-30 ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????.
????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????.
??????: ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????
| ??????? | ??????? ??????? ?? (??) | ????? ???????? | ??? ?????? | ????? ??????? | ??????? ??????? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? | ±0.01 | ?????? ??? ?????? | ????? (????????) | ????? ??????? ??????? | ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? |
| ???? ??????? | ±0.05 | ????? | 15 - 30 ?????/??? | ????? ??????? ?????? ????? | ??????? ???????? ???????? |
| ????? ?????????? | ±0.02 | ?????? ??? ?????? | ???? ????? ??????? | ????? ?????? ?????? | ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? |
?????? ????? ?????? ??????????
???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????????? (Al?O?)? ??? ???? ????? ????? (??? 500 HV ???????). ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? (?????? ?????) ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????.
??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????.
???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? Ra (????? ???????)? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? 0.2 ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ????????.
????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????.
????? ????: ?????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????
??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? Apple? ???? ???? ???? MacBook Pro ????? ?????? ?? ??? 2008. ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? 6061 ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? 13 ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? (CNC) ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????.
??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????.
??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????
?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? CAD ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? (GD&T) ???? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???.
?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? (??? ???? ??????? 6061-T6 ?7075-T651) ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? (??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?/?? ??????? ?????? ????????). ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????.
??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (DFM) ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????.
???????
???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????. ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????.
?????: ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????
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