天美影院

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????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????.

????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????.

?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????.

σ = ??.?

E ?? ????? ????, σ ?? ??????? ?? Pa? ????? ? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????.

?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????.

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????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????.

???? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????? (CMMs) ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????.

??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????.

???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? (FEA)? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? (CFD) ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????.

???????? ????????

???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????.

???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? Rockwell ?Vickers ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ISO ?ASTM.

???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? Ti-6Al-4V ?Inconel 718.

??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????? (CMMs).

???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????.

????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? (NDT)? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

???? ??????? ???????? AS9100 (?? ???? ???????) ?IATF 16949 (?? ???? ????????) ?ISO 13485 (?? ?????? ?????) ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????.

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??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????. ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????.

??????? ????? ??????? ???????

?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? (FEA) ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? Inconel 718 ?Ti-6Al-4V ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? (NDT).

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?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????.

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τ=罢谤/闯?

τ ?? ????? ????, J ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????, T ??? ??????? ??????? ? r ?? ??? ??? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

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q ?? ?????? ???????, ??/?? ???? ???? ???????. k ?? ???????? ????????? ?A ?? ????? ?????.

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???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? CAD ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????.

??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????.

??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????.

?????? 1: ????? ??????? ??????????

???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????.

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???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????.

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???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? (FEA) ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????.

??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? (TMA) ????? ???? ?????? (LFA).

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????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????. ??? ??????? ?????? GD&T ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? (CMM) ??????? ????? ???????.

????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????.

?????? ?????? ??????? ??????

??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? (UTM) ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????-??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????.

??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ASTM B117 ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? (EIS) ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? (LFA). ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? (SEM) ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????. ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

????? ????????? ??????? ??????

??? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? (ABC) ?????? ???????? ???????????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????.

???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? EDM ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? (NDT) ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? (UT) ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? DELMIA? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????.

?????? 2: ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????

????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????

????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? CAD (??????? ??????? ???????). ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? SolidWorks ?Fusion 360 ?CATIA ?Siemens NX. ???? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????.

??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????.

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??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????.

????? ????? ??????? ???? GD&T (????? ??????? ???????? ????????) ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ± 0.01 ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????.

???? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? DMLS.

????? ??????? ???????? (FEA) ?????? ???????

????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? (FEA). ????? ??????? FEA ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? [?]{?} ={?}.

????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? (E)? ????? ?????? (ν)? ???? ?????? (σ_y) ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????.

???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????.

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?????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? Creaform Handy SCAN ?FARO Arm ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? CAD.

???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ZEISS CONTURA CMMs ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???.

????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? EOS M 290 ?Renishaw AM250 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? Python (NumPy ? SciPy ? PyFEA) ? MATLAB ? ANSYS APDL.

???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

?????? 3: ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????

???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????.

??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ± 0.01 ??. ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? (SLM) ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (DMLS) ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????.

???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.

?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????.

???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????.

????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ???????? ANSYS ?COMSOL ?SolidWorks ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

?????? 4: ?????? ??????

??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????. ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????.

?????? 5: ????? ?????

????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????.

?????? 6: ???????? ????????

??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????

??? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? FEA ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????. ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (UTM) ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????.

??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? (CTE) ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.

???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????.

????? ???? ???????: ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????

???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? Specialized Bicycle Components ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ??????? ???? Specialized Bicycle Components ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????? (??????? ????????? ??????? - SLM) ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? S-Works Power ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? Specialized Bicycle Components ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????.

???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? Specialized ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ????? FEA? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????.

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